A look ahead (reprise)

A year ago today I charted the expected progress on my five-year indexing-the-Leyland-primes project. Having a few days ago finished interval #10, I anticipate intervals #11 to #13 to be done by September, and #14 by October, all thanks to Mark Rodenkirch's xyyxsieve and pfgw.

my current work sheet

As I am no longer burdened by my previous reliance on Mathematica 9, I may even update everything to macOS Catalina one of these days. A new iMac is also being considered (if I can trade in my old kernel-panic-plagued late-2015 one). After I've finished interval #14, I will have tabulated all Leyland primes up to 103013 digits. Interval #15 will start there and continue on to the end of interval #21 at 136550 digits:

15  L(40945,328) - L(41507,322)   6612071

16  L(41507,322) - L(222748,3)   13527824

17  L(222748,3)  - L(45405,286)  33460389

18  L(45405,286) - L(48694,317)  69041008

19  L(48694,317) - L(44541,746)  43871809

20  L(44541,746) - L(49205,532)  45659518

21  L(49205,532) - L(49413,580)  18377349

The final column is the number of Leyland numbers in the interval. Unlike last year, I am not going to calculate or guess when I might be finished. I expect to do interval #21 prior to the others in order to up my PRPTop production score (right column, I am currently at #28).

An interesting prime sequence

The sequence starts 2, 3, 11, 23, 29, 61, 19, 113, 157, 127, 103, ... These are the red endings of the following (second column) triangular array. The first column numbers are the indices. The third column numbers are the sums of the digits of the second column integers.

There are several constraints imposed in creating our sequence. Each successive term must be a distinct prime. It must be the smallest such prime that allows the following: At index k, take the final k digits of the sequence. The first of those final k digits must not be zero in order that we may have the concatenation of those digits be a k-digit prime (these are our middle numbers). Finally, the sum of those k digits (the third column) must also be a prime.

  1  2  2

  2  23  5

  3  311  5

  4  1123  7

  5  12329  17

  6  232961  23

  7  3296119  31

  8  96119113  31

  9  119113157  29

 10  9113157127  37

 11  13157127103  31

 12  315712710343  37

 13  5712710343149  47

 14  71271034314989  59

 15  271034314989701  59

 16  7103431498970113  61

 17  10343149897011341  59

 18  343149897011341751  71

 19  3149897011341751379  83

 20  49897011341751379499  101

 21  897011341751379499373  101

 22  9701134175137949937397  109

 23  11341751379499373971223  101

 24  341751379499373971223293  113

 25  1751379499373971223293601  113

 26  13794993739712232936011471  113

 27  949937397122329360114711303  109

 28  9937397122329360114711303223  103

 29  73971223293601147113032231297  101

 30  712232936011471130322312973547  101

 31  2232936011471130322312973547619  109

 32  32936011471130322312973547619769  127

 33  936011471130322312973547619769683  139

 34  6011471130322312973547619769683433  137

 35  11471130322312973547619769683433503  139

 36  471130322312973547619769683433503563  151

 37  7113032231297354761976968343350356337  157

 38  13032231297354761976968343350356337239  163

 39  322312973547619769683433503563372395333  173

 40  2312973547619769683433503563372395333337  181

 41  12973547619769683433503563372395333337311  181

 42  297354761976968343350356337239533333731147  191

 43  9735476197696834335035633723953333373114771  197

 44  35476197696834335035633723953333373114771673  197

 45  761976968343350356337239533333731147716731889  211

 46  9769683433503563372395333337311477167318895801  211

 47  69683433503563372395333337311477167318895801211  199

 48  683433503563372395333337311477167318895801211409  197

 49  3433503563372395333337311477167318895801211409277  199

 50  33503563372395333337311477167318895801211409277313  199

 51  356337239533333731147716731889580121140927731311003  193

 52  3372395333337311477167318895801211409277313110031607  193

 53  23953333373114771673188958012114092773131100316071109  191

 54  953333373114771673188958012114092773131100316071109281  197

 55  3333731147716731889580121140927731311003160711092811381  193

 56  33731147716731889580121140927731311003160711092811381613  197

 57  311477167318895801211409277313110031607110928113816133361  197

 58  4771673188958012114092773131100316071109281138161333611103  197

 59  71673188958012114092773131100316071109281138161333611103263  197

 60  731889580121140927731311003160711092811381613336111032631283  197

 61  8895801211409277313110031607110928113816133361110326312834153  199

 62  58012114092773131100316071109281138161333611103263128341531697  197

 63  121140927731311003160711092811381613336111032631283415316971039  197

 64  1140927731311003160711092811381613336111032631283415316971039179  211

 65  40927731311003160711092811381613336111032631283415316971039179347  223

 66  277313110031607110928113816133361110326312834153169710391793472971  229

 67  7313110031607110928113816133361110326312834153169710391793472971151  227

 68  13110031607110928113816133361110326312834153169710391793472971151349  233

 69  100316071109281138161333611103263128341531697103917934729711513492351  239

 70  3160711092811381613336111032631283415316971039179347297115134923513943  257

 71  60711092811381613336111032631283415316971039179347297115134923513943541  263

 72  110928113816133361110326312834153169710391793472971151349235139435411459  269

 73  9281138161333611103263128341531697103917934729711513492351394354114592617  283

 74  81138161333611103263128341531697103917934729711513492351394354114592617137  283

 75  138161333611103263128341531697103917934729711513492351394354114592617137937  293

...

I'm indebted to Éric Angelini for the seed of the idea.

Rev it up

Under the direction of Mark "rogue" Rodenkirch in mersenneforum, on June 28 I was able to run a probable-prime search/verification program that executes some six times faster than what I can do in Mathematica. Considering that Mathematica is what I have been using for my large-Leyland-prime search for almost five years now, that's an awful lot of wasted time!

In order to more efficiently use this program (OpenPFGW; OS X version, pfgw64), a prime-sieving algorithm (OS X version, xyyxsieve) was recommended as a precursor, in order to trim the available candidate numbers to a much-lesser amount. In Mathematica such a routine is incorporated in its PrimeQ function but PrimeQ will not go beyond its built-in limit. So, on July 2 I ran my first prime sieve.

This is a game changer for me. On Wednesday afternoon, a storm knocked out the power here for longer than I had computer battery-backup.

As a result, my Leyland prime search for interval #9 was interrupted. It was scheduled for completion July 25 but recent experience suggested that it would not actually have finished until a week into August. So I used the heavenly portent to convert my remaining search-space into a format that I could use for xyyxsieve and, subsequently, pfgw64. A lot of ongoing manual fiddling and such was needed for the conversions but this allowed me to get used to the new processes. This morning it completed the searches!

Lydia, oh Lydia

I was looking through some of my old letters to the editor (mostly to The Globe and Mail) in my online library access to local newspapers when I noticed a 1936 Daily Star hit for my surname "Havermann":

The story had been picked up by a good number of other newspapers. Here is a transcribed version from Whitewright TX (July 9):

Love in his heart, a $13 old-age pension check in his pocket and a 16-year-old bride at his side, Oscar Crawford, 66, Tuesday retired to his eighteen-acre farm for the first honeymoon of his life. Crawford on Sunday received his first State old-age pension check. At noon, he appeared at the Colorado County courthouse with Miss Lydia Havermann, 16, at his side. Clerks declined, however, to issue a marriage license until the father of the bride, William Havermann, appeared and gave his consent. While the father looked on approvingly, County Judge H. P. Hahn read the marriage ceremony. The bride and bridegroom left immediately for the C. W. Ellinger farm, five miles east of Columbus, where the bridegroom is cultivating eighteen acres.

There's a follow-up, datelined UP, Austin TX (July 10). My transcribed version is via the Big Spring Daily Herald:

Oscar Crawford, 66-year-old Colorado county farmer, who recently married Lydia Havermann, 16, may have increased his income by so doing, or he may have lost it entirely. Crawford married Miss Havermann in Columbus on the day that he received his first old age assistance check from the state. The check was for $13. "There is a possibility that his pension check may be increased," Orville S. Carpenter, old age assistance director, said here. "Since he is married he now shares his property with his wife. Thus his income is only half as much." This is the first of such cases to arise since distribution of the checks was begun July 1. Section two of the old age assistance act provides, however, that he can receive assistance only if he "has no wife able to furnish him adequate support." The word adequate is not defined.

The marriage was easy to verify:

Somewhat more difficult was what became of the bride and groom. It had me stymied but my research associate, Marlene Frost, quickly found a large number of relevant documents. First off, we have Oscar's death certificate:

Oscar is shown as having been born on 12 Dec 1869 and dying on 21 Dec 1939. The cause of death appears to be under investigation (the word is "inquest"; thanks Alfy and Cathy for deciphering that). Oscar is "divorced", although (annoyingly) his former partner is referred to only as "widowed". The undertaker is noted as "Wm. Havermann", Lydia's father. William may well have buried Oscar but he was a farm hand, not an undertaker.

Lydia's name appears in the April 1930 census (Fayette County TX) showing her as being 7 years old:

That would have made her only 13 when she married Oscar and 17 when he died. Lydia is not with her family in the April 1940 census. Over the years, the 'r' in this Havermann clan appears to have been dropped. Lydia's parents and three of her four brothers may be found in Sealy Cemetery. Her brother Arnold Havemann (born 24 Jul 1931) is married to a Gloria Lois Abel (born 20 Jul 1937) and they have two children, Charles Arnold Havemann (born 28 Mar 1960) and Tracy Kim Semmler (born 5 Nov 1963).

After considerable digging, Marlene finally unearthed Lydia's birth certificate:

She was named Elzie (born 19 Nov 1922). If one thinks of the name as being a shortened Liz'beth then Lydia shares with that the initial sound. It seems that Elzie may have run away from her marriage to Oscar Crawford and took on an assumed name, ending up in Atoka County, Oklahoma. She had a son, Jimmie Roe Boggs (born 5 Oct 1938). In May 1941, as Katie Belle Boggs, she married a 42-year-old Homer Goodson and bore him eight children. In 1953, her father signed an affidavit changing her name from Elzie to Katie Bell:

Katie Bell died in 1971 and has a final resting place in Farris, Oklahoma. Note that the birth year on her headstone is incorrect.

Bill Blair

According to a Canadian Press story today, public safety minister Bill Blair says police misconduct is indefensible. Yet ten years ago, under his leadership, he was defending just such misconduct.

Lament for school

found early morning of June 5 in Denison Park

Late evening family outings

8:03 pm: BBQ/Kumbaya behind 1662 Weston Rd. (distancing? masks? garbage!)

Early morning family outings

5:36 am: baby raccoons climbing our backyard maple tree

5:49 am: nine goslings and proud parents on the Humber river

Stop!

Squirrels practice physical distancing by running for the nearest tree. This squirrel quickly learned that the square metal post holding up its stop sign wasn't very arboreal.

Yes, we have no plain bagels

We had another grocery order/delivery yesterday. We're good on most of the essentials (bathroom tissue, paper towels, canned goods, bread) but I'm having difficulty acquiring my plain bagels which have been "out of stock" for a while. In yesterday's order I was prepared to go poppy-seed or even sesame-seed, but they weren't available either. The "everything" bagel was a dollar more than what I'm used to paying for a 6-pack and I wasn't sure from the pictured packaging that it was anything more than poppy and sesame seeds on a plain bagel. So I gambled. Alas, they also contained dried onion and roasted garlic, which are anathema to me. I hope the birds aren't as fussy.